Experimental investigation on silica dust lofting due to charging within micro-cavities and surface electric field in the vacuum chamber

The charged dust particles can be mobilized electrostatically by the repulsion between the adjacent grains and the surface electric field due to the incoming electron current and the charge accumulation within the micro-cavities. In this study, the experimental results of the initial vertical launching velocities and the maximum dust heights are compared with the estimated values for the lofted spherical dust grains by the patch surface charging equations. Silica particles with the sizes between <6 and 45?µm in radius are loaded on a graphite plate, and they are exposed to the electron beam with 450?eV energy under 4?×?10^?3?Pa vacuum chamber pressure. During the first set of the experiments, the dust samples are tested without an initial compression process and an additional horizontal electric field. Second, the dust samples are compressed by two different weights in order to increase the packing density under approximately 780.7?Pa and 3780?Pa. Finally, the dust grains are placed between the two parallel aluminum plates to apply approximately 2000?V/m and 4800?V/m horizontal electric field. A high-speed camera is used to record the transportation of the dust grains together with a microscopic telescope, and the results point out that the patch surface dust-charging model estimations are in agreement with the first experiments. On the other hand, the dust particles from the compressed samples are lofted with higher velocities than the estimations, and the number of the dust lofting observations decreases significantly, which demonstrates the importance of the micro-cavities and the increased charging requirement to overcome the contact forces. When the horizontal electric field is present, the initial vertical launching velocities are measured to be lower than the other experiments, which can be attributed to the decreased charging requirement for the dust lofting as a result of inter-particle collisions and rolling motion. According to the experimental results, the electrostatic dust transportation can be controlled not only by the ambient plasma and the solar irradiation on the airless planetary bodies, but also by the surface properties such as the contact surfaces between the dust grains, the number of the micro-cavities related to the packing density, and the presence of the horizontal electric field contributing to the external forces by other particle motions.     

脉冲电流大厚度电解线切割加工试验

航空航天难加工材料直纹面构件的高精度高表面完整性加工已经成为制造领域普遍关注和亟需解决的难题，电解线切割加工在高表面完整性要求加工场合上具有原理性优势。建立脉冲电流电解线切割加工模型，分析了工件厚度变化带来的影响。试验结果表明：随着工件厚度增加，电解液电阻减小，工件两端极间电压减小，加工缝宽变窄；双电层时间常数增大，脉宽时间内充电所能达到的电位降低，有效加工时间变短，平均电流密度较低；脉冲频率大于20 kHz时，最大进给速度随频率增加而快速减小，低于20 kHz时，最大加工速度差别较小。最后，采用脉冲频率20 kHz，以进给速度4 μm/s稳定加工出20 mm厚榫头/榫槽结构，表面粗糙度约为0.449 4 μm，表面质量、加工效率明显高于100 kHz加工效果。     

整体壳段典型特征高效模块化编程技术

整体壳段为航天产品核心零部件，具有结构复杂、尺寸精度高、材料去除率大、工艺过程复杂、加工周期长等特点。在壳段数控加工过程中，存在编程难度大、重复工作量大、效率低及编程质量与编程人员能力水平密切相关等问题。为了适应高效、高可靠性的任务需求，依托成熟商用CAM软件，通过对整体壳段典型特征的分析，基于UG NX软件平台研究并开发了典型特征自动化编程模块，有效提高了加工程序的质量稳定性，并极大降低了工艺人员的编程操作量，提高了工艺设计效率。     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.     

Electrochemical micromachining of micro-dimple arrays on cylindrical inner surfaces using a dry-film photoresist

The application of surface textures has been employed to improve the tribological performance of various mechanical components. Various techniques have been used for the application of surface textures such as micro-dimple arrays, but the fabrication of such arrays on cylindrical inner surfaces remains a challenge. In this study, a dry-film photoresist is used as a mask during through-mask electrochemical micromachining to successfully prepare micro-dimple arrays with dimples 94 lm in diameter and 22.7 lm deep on cylindrical inner surfaces, with a machining time of 9 s and an applied voltage of 8 V. The versatility of this method is demonstrated, as are its potential low cost and high efficiency. It is also shown that for a fixed dimple depth, a smaller dimple diameter can be obtained using a combination of lower current density and longer machining time in a passivating sodium nitrate electrolyte.     

弹片热机械疲劳试验方法研究及设计

针对弹片的热机械疲劳（TMF）试验要求，采用机械设计技术、机电技术、冷却技术、计算机技术和数据采集技术，提出了压力载荷和热载荷的加载方法，建立了2种载荷5个试验件的并联试验控制系统，并设计了弹片热机械疲劳试验器。试验结果表明:该系统能够同时模拟服役环境下弹片的压力载荷和热载荷。利用该试验系统进行了弹片的热机械疲劳试验，试验结果再现了弹片在服役状态下的失效模式。试验系统具有良好的重复度、较高的加载频率和加载精度。压力载荷最大相对误差为2.4%，绝对误差小于0.5N。温度载荷最大相对误差为3.55%，最大绝对误差为3.89℃。      

离子液体微推进技术研究进展

介绍了离子液体推进器的基本结构和工作原理,阐述了粒子发射的限制条件及通常采用的工作模式,总结了该推进器的常见分类形式。介绍了当前广泛应用的一些实验方法和仿真手段,以及针对发射阈值场强、束流散射、多粒子分散效率、推进器长时间工作稳定性等问题开展相关研究取得的进展,对比分析了适合粒子发射的工作环境及相对精确的仿真方法,为推进器的后续设计、工作模式设定及性能评估等工作提供了参考。结果表明：增大推进剂流阻、提高发射极阵列密度是提高离子液体推进器效率和推力的合适手段;利用闭环控制的方法改变发射电压极性、逐渐提高发射电压大小是维持推进器推力大小、提高工作稳定性的有效方法。     

微型燃气轮机燃烧室燃烧特性实验

针对燃气轮机低污染排放要求,在为使用气体燃料设计的低排放微型燃气轮机燃烧室单头部实验件上进行了燃烧特性实验,对比分析了燃料喷口位置、数量,值班级与主燃级燃料分配比例和不同空气流量分配方式时的燃烧效率和污染物排放特性。结果表明:改变燃料喷口的位置、数量可以改变燃料与空气的混合特性,对燃烧特性产生较大的影响;值班级与主燃级燃料流量分配比例的变化,会导致各燃烧区当量比的变化,主燃级燃烧区当量比降低至08以下有利于降低污染物排放;通过改变燃烧室空气流量分配方式,可以降低主燃级燃烧区的当量比,使NOx排放降低至272 mg/m3,燃烧效率达到986%。但用于掺混的空气流量的降低会使出口温度分布系数由021升高至024。     

转子系统挤压油膜阻尼器设计与动力特性

鉴于挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)设计必须要同时考虑转子系统的动力学特性,提出了一种转子系统与挤压油膜阻尼器耦合设计方法,给出了详细的设计流程。对所设计的阻尼器进行了CFD数值模拟、油膜压力测量以及减振效果实验,结果证明所提出的设计方法是有效的。相比未采用阻尼器,采用阻尼器后转子系统两个转盘的振幅分别下降了46%和39%。通过实验还研究了不平衡量、支承刚度、供油压力和滑油温度对挤压油膜阻尼器减振效果的影响。结果表明,相比于不平衡量和支承刚度对减振效果的影响,供油压力和滑油温度的影响并不显著。进行挤压油膜阻尼器设计时,重点应该关注转子上的不平衡量大小和支承刚度。     

整体弹性结构法及在叶片流固耦合分析中的应用

针对三维叶片时域流固耦合振动响应计算普遍耗时的问题,采用一种假设整体结构的模态位移,求解固体时域响应和实现高效网格变形,发展了一种3维时域流固耦合分析的整体弹性结构方法,并应用于压气机叶片0°和180°相位角的气动稳定性分析中。结果表明,所发展方法的计算结果与传统双向时域算法和文献的结果较为吻合,而计算效率相比于传统算法显著提升;在所分析的两个相位角下,叶片振动的气动阻尼均随流量减小先增大后降低,相比于0°相位角,180°下叶片的气动稳定性大幅提高,表明该方法能有效应用于叶片的工程流固耦合研究。